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Those who had been involved in the partisan movement now took on a leading role. The journal " Republika " Republic, was launched, intended as the new central platform of literary life. In those first years after the war, socialist realism dominated across all fields of the arts.
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Agitprop political propaganda had a great influence on literary output, and on cultural life in general. In this, some of the leading writers of the partisans were active. Social realism writing left its mark in criticism and essays, although novels were rare. Common themes were the uprising of the Croatians, and peasants against social injustice.
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At the start of the s, following the break of the Yugoslav leadership with Stalin, the rigid pressure of ideology in literature was gradually lifted. He announced the birth of a new era, one that allowed freedom of choice for expressive means, an opening up to western influences and a somewhat more open treatment of literary themes not permitted was any criticism of the political system, the Communist government and Josip Broz Tito himself. A number of writers began to establish the character of Croatian literature for the second half of the 20th Century.
He also published a series of short stories, novels, essays and travel books, his essays challenging the Croatian national question " Svi smo mi odgovorni " We are all responsible, Vladan Desnica published four collections of novels, which are usually classified into two thematic series: realistic concepts of the Dalmatian environment, and maternally structured meditative prose.
Writing with a virtuoso style, his work is marked by a refined irony. He dealt with the conflict of a sensitive individual in middle age, unable to achieve an authentic identity. A versatile writer, he tried his hand at different genres; as a novelist "Ruke" Hands, , a dramatist " Glorija " Gloria, , a novelist " Kiklop " Cyclops, , and essayist " Geste i Grimase " Gestures and Grimaces, Vesna Parun is the author of some fifty collections of poetry, and a book of prose and drama.
Her love poetry is characterised by its attenuated sensuality and lush depictions of nature. In her later collections, she developed a tendency towards satire. He also distinguished himself as a playwright. Pero Budak [55] was the author of several dramas about rural life in Lika, with a pronounced comic touch, very popular in the s.
Ivan Raos [56] was a prolific writer of short-stories, novelist and playwright, in a variety of styles from humour mixed with realistic narrative, to modernist experimentation. During the s, the journal " Krugovi " Circles, —58 played a major role in the development of Croatian literature, led by a group of young writers born around Together they counteracted the policies of socialist realism and opened the door to wide-ranging influences from the rest of the world, from surrealism, Russian avant-gardists, existentialism to American so-called hard-boiled prose.
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Their ironic style was a symptom of post-war optimism fading, most likely influenced by American novelists and critics, who saw a basic poetic quality in irony. Novak demonstrates a distinct sense of psychological shading in his characters and a sophisticated imaging of the native Mediterranean ambience. He was preoccupied with the idea of human loss, and the struggle to achieve an authentic existence, which he portrayed in a series of semantically layered images.
Knowledgeable about current trends in world literature, he produced a modernist poetry version of myths and legends, rewriting classical motifs and forms. Irena Vrkljan was also a poet inspired by surrealism, whose greatest success was achieved in her s confessional, feminist inspired novel. Vlado Gotovac was characterized by a highly intellectual type of writing, critics often called him the "philosophical poet". He was close to the upcoming generation of new writers in the s, as editor of the "Hrvatskog tjednika" Croatian Weekly , a cult publication in the period of the Croatian Spring.
He passionately advocated the idea of liberal democracy and Croatian national emancipation.
He also wrote some notable works for adults; prose and drama based on his linguistic and stylistic virtuosity and wit that occasionally become happy pastiches of literary stereotypes from domestic and world literature. He achieved international success with the lexicographical work " Mediteranski brevijar " Mediterranean Breviary, In the s he wrote books in which he confronted the opponents of HDZ policy. In the early s, the magazine " Razlog " Reason, —68 and the associated library featured writers born mainly around , characterized by a pronounced awareness of generational and aesthetic distinctiveness from other groups within Croatian literature.
They tended to write more criticism and poetry, as opposed to longer prose forms. Boundaries between poetry and essays were removed: their favorite form of poetry was in prose, using themes derived from modern or analysis of the process of artistic creation, or the phenomenon of literacy. Although very productive in poetry and criticism, the Reason group left no major prose works. Nedjeljko Fabrio [67] is one of the few writers also playwright, essayist and translator , whose writing displays a certain kinship with the group. Mate Raos [68] was an early writer of fantasy fiction that would become popular in later years.
Tomislav Slavica [69] wrote modernist-style prose organized with a strong allegorical and symbolic component. At the end of the s and early s, a number of remarkable dramatists appeared in Croatian literature. He is also a successful novelist and screenwriter. His themes range in tone and imagination from ancient legends to extravagant confessionals.
Jasna Melvinger writes intimate poetry with an elegance and introspection. Luko Paljetak is a leading poet in various forms, his work is distinguished by its thoughtfulness, musicality of verse, and the effective conflict of feeling and irony. The new generation of authors in the early s had a fondness for fantasy, and were inspired by contemporary Latin American fiction, Russian symbolism and avant-garde especially Bulgakov , then Kafka , Schulz , Calvino , and Singer.
There was renewed interest for writing fiction, especially modern Croatian prose. Structural form became important, the act of literary creation was very often the theme, and quotations from Croatia's literary heritage often appeared. Towards the end of the s many writers were integrating so-called trivial genres detective stories, melodrama into high literature, while others were writing socially critical prose, for example romance thrust into novels, which was popular in the s.
He started as a fantasist willing to experiment, then went on to write a series of novels, mainly detective fiction. Goran Tribuson , initially wrote an erudite type of fantasy prose, followed by a series of novels and short stories in which he nostalgically evokes the mythology of the sixty-four generation.
He also writes detective fiction and screenplays. In the s, her novels and books of political essays received several prestigious awards. Veljko Barbieri [73] writes fiction related to the Mediterranean atmosphere, using quotations from classical Greek and Roman literature.
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Croatian War of Independence of —95 had its echoes in literary works. Many writers were employed in support of Croatian independence and territorial integrity. Popular genres were patriotic columns and newspaper reports of the war.
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During that period many Croatian emigrant writers returned to Croatia. Of the returning authors, Boris Maruna was best integrated into the mainstream of contemporary Croatian literature.
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Although initially emphasizing their mutual differences, most were characterized by a tendency towards neorealist poetry using a contemporary urban vocabulary. They were concerned about the lives of young people in a traumatized post-war Croatia, and were critical of nationalistic myths. The study of literature in Croatia in the mids put aside the previous social-realist ideology, and developed into a more objective analytical form.
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