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The application of the techniques to radiographic images of metallic structures is demonstrated through several examples. Digital radiographic imaging transfer: comparison with plain radiographs. Advances in digital imaging and computer display technology have allowed development of clinical teleradiographic systems.
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There are limited data assessing the effectiveness of such systems when applied to urologic pathology. In an effort to appraise the effectiveness of teleradiology in identifying renal calculi, the accuracy of findings on transmitted radiographic images were compared with those made when viewing the actual plain film. Plain films KUB were obtained from 26 patients who presented to the radiology department to rule out urinary calculous disease.
Two attending urologists and two endourologic fellows were randomized to read either the transmitted image or the original radiograph with minimal clinical history provided.
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After compression, all but one of the digital images were transferred successfully. Using available technology, KUB images can be transmitted to a remote site, and the location of a stone can be determined correctly. Higher accuracy is demonstrated by experienced surgeons. Fabrication and characteristics of experimental radiographic amplifier screens.
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The fabrication process and transfer characteristics for solid state radiographic image transducers radiographic amplifier screens are described. These screens are for use in realtime nondestructive evaluation procedures that require large format radiographic images with contrast and resolution capabilities unavailable with conventional fluoroscopic screens. The screens are suitable for in-motion, on-line radiographic inspection by means of closed circuit television. Experimental effort was made to improve image quality and response to low energy 5 kV and up X-rays.
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Digital Radiographic Image Processing and Analysis. This article describes digital radiographic imaging and analysis from the basics of image capture to examples of some of the most advanced digital technologies currently available. The principles underlying the imaging technologies are described to provide a better understanding of their strengths and limitations. All rights reserved. Vertical or horizontal orientation of foot radiographs does not affect image interpretation. Summary This study determined whether the orientation of dorsoplantar and oblique foot radiographs has an effect on radiograph interpretation.
A test set of 50 consecutive foot radiographs were selected 25 with fractures, and 25 normal , and duplicated in the horizontal orientation. The images were randomly arranged, numbered 1 through , and analysed by six image interpreters. Vertical and horizontal area under the ROC curve, accuracy, sensitivity and specificity were calculated for each image interpreter. There was no significant difference in the area under the ROC curve, accuracy, sensitivity or specificity of image interpretation between images viewed in the vertical or horizontal orientation.
While conventions for display of radiographs may help to improve the development of an efficient visual search strategy in trainees, and allow for standardisation of publication of radiographic images , variation from the convention in clinical practice does not appear to affect the sensitivity or specificity of image interpretation. Sixty extracted molars were subjected to a process of de- and remineralization. Radiographs were taken before and after each stage. These radiographs were evaluated by the conventional method and were then scanned and analyzed either with or without the use of image enhancement.
Moreover, the gray levels GLs of the affected areas were measured. All methods exhibited low sensitivity and identical levels of specificity Analysis of the grayscale levels found statistically significant differences between the initial radiographs P radiographs of the remineralized group, although the mean of the first group was lower than that of the second, which demonstrated that the remineralization process restored the normal density of the dental enamel. Measurement of the mean GL was sufficiently sensitive to detect small alterations in the surface of the enamel. Digital image analysis: improving accuracy and reproducibility of radiographic measurement.
To assess the accuracy and reproducibility of a digital image analyser and the human eye, in measuring radiographic dimensions. We experimentally compared radiographic measurement using either an image analyser system or the human eye with digital caliper. The assessment of total hip arthroplasty wear from radiographs relies on both the accuracy of radiographic images and the accuracy of radiographic measurement.
The projected dimensions of the radiographic images were calculated by trigonometry. The radiographic dimensions were then measured by blinded observers using both techniques. For a single radiograph , the human eye was accurate to 0. In comparison the digital image analyser system was accurate to 0.
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In an arthroplasty model, where the dimensions of an object were corrected for magnification by the known dimensions of a femoral head, the human eye was accurate to 0. The digital image analysis system is up to 20 times more accurate than the human eye, and in an arthroplasty model the accuracy of measurement increases four-fold. We believe such image analysis may allow more accurate and reproducible measurement of wear from standard follow-up radiographs. Digital radiographic imaging : is the dental practice ready?
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Digital radiographic imaging is slowly, but surely, replacing film-based imaging. It has many advantages over traditional imaging , but the technology also has some drawbacks. The author presents an overview of the types of digital image receptors available, image enhancement software and the range of costs for the new technology.
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The expenses associated with converting to digital radiographic imaging are considerable. The purpose of this article is to provide the clinician with an overview of digital radiographic imaging technology so that he or she can be an informed consumer when evaluating the numerous digital systems in the marketplace.
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Integration of radiographic images with an electronic medical record. Radiographic images are important and expensive diagnostic tests. However, the provider caring for the patient often does not review the images directly due to time constraints. Institutions can use picture archiving and communications systems to make images more available to the provider, but this may not be the best solution. We integrated radiographic image review into the Regenstrief Medical Record System in order to address this problem. Interrelationship and limitations of conventional radiographic assessments of skeletal maturation.
Assessments of skeletal maturation ASM are used by clinicians to optimize treatments for each patient. This study examines the interrelationship between and limitations of hand-wrist and cervical vertebrae maturation methods in adolescent patients. Functional data analysis was used to visually assess maturational changes of the cervical vertebrae. Age was moderately correlated with SMI 0. There was some evidence of gender variability in SMI. Functional data analysis illustrated the difficulty in differentiating contiguous cervical stages. Discrepancies exist between both scoring methods.
Further studies are needed to overcome the difficulties encountered with CS. Clinicians are advised to use ASM methods with caution in adolescent patients given the aforementioned discrepancies. Separate references for boys and girls are not required. Thirty-three two-year dental hygiene programs throughout the United States were surveyed to identify the radiographic imaging system most often used and the accompanying rationale for that decision.
A literature review identified the three radiographic imaging systems most frequently used and indicated that all dental hygiene programs had the…. Digital processing of radiographic images for print publication.
Digital imaging of X-rays yields high quality, evenly exposed negatives and prints. This article outlines the method used, materials and methods of this technique and discusses the advantages of digital radiographic images. Stereoscopic radiographic images with thermal neutrons. Spatial structure of an object can be perceived by the stereoscopic vision provided by eyes or by the parallax produced by movement of the object with regard to the observer. For an opaque object, a technique to render it transparent should be used, in order to make visible the spatial distribution of its inner structure, for any of the two approaches used.
A neutron sensitive Imaging Plate has been employed as a detector and after exposure it has been developed by a reader using a 0. This image , a radiographic attenuation map of the object, does not represent any specific cross-section but a convoluted projection for each specific attitude of the object with regard to the detector.
After taking two of these projections at different object attitudes, they are properly processed and the final image is viewed by a red and green eyeglass. For monochromatic images this processing involves transformation of black and white radiographies into red and white and green and white ones, which are afterwards merged to yield a single image. All the processes are carried out with the software Image J. Divergence of the neutron beam unfortunately spoils both spatial and contrast resolutions, which become poorer as object-detector distance increases.
Therefore, in order to evaluate the range of spatial resolution corresponding to the 3D image being observed, a curve expressing spatial resolution against object-detector gap has been deduced from the Modulation Transfer Functions experimentally.