- Vocal Sheet Music Collection
- Maurice Ravel
- Vocal Sheet Music Collection
- Maurice Ravel
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During the first years of the new century Ravel made five attempts to win France's most prestigious prize for young composers, the Prix de Rome , past winners of which included Berlioz , Gounod , Bizet , Massenet and Debussy. He was eliminated in the first round, which even critics unsympathetic to his music, including Lalo, denounced as unjustifiable.
Among those taking a close interest in the controversy was Alfred Edwards , owner and editor of Le Matin , for which Lalo wrote. Edwards was married to Ravel's friend Misia; [n 14] the couple took Ravel on a seven-week Rhine cruise on their yacht in June and July , the first time he had travelled abroad.
By the latter part of the s Ravel had established a pattern of writing works for piano and subsequently arranging them for full orchestra. Ravel was not by inclination a teacher, but he gave lessons to a few young musicians he felt could benefit from them. Manuel Rosenthal was one, and records that Ravel was a very demanding teacher when he thought his pupil had talent. Vaughan Williams recalled that Ravel helped him escape from "the heavy contrapuntal Teutonic manner Vaughan Williams's recollections throw some light on Ravel's private life, about which the latter's reserved and secretive personality has led to much speculation.
Vaughan Williams, Rosenthal and Marguerite Long have all recorded that Ravel frequented brothels, [81] Long attributed this to his self-consciousness about his diminutive stature, and consequent lack of confidence with women. Ravel's first concert outside France was in The first of Ravel's two operas, the one-act comedy L'heure espagnole [n 18] was premiered in In Ravel had three ballets premiered.
The Times praised "the enchantment of the work This was his largest-scale orchestral work, and took him immense trouble and several years to complete. This appealed to Ravel, and after discussing the action in great detail with Fokine, Ravel began composing the music. Ravel composed little during He considered his small stature and light weight ideal for an aviator, but was rejected because of his age and a minor heart complaint.
He dedicated the three songs to people who might help him to enlist. At the same time his peace of mind was undermined by his mother's failing health. His own health also deteriorated; he suffered from insomnia and digestive problems, underwent a bowel operation following amoebic dysentery in September , and had frostbite in his feet the following winter. Ravel's mother died in January , and he fell into a "horrible despair", compounding the distress he felt at the suffering endured by the people of his country during the war.
Vocal Sheet Music Collection
The Piano Trio was almost complete when the conflict began, and the most substantial of his wartime works is Le tombeau de Couperin , composed between and After the war, those close to Ravel recognised that he had lost much of his physical and mental stamina. As the musicologist Stephen Zank puts it, "Ravel's emotional equilibrium, so hard won in the previous decade, had been seriously compromised. It is a source of joy and pride for your old professor.
He regarded their reaction against his works as natural, and preferable to their copying his style. Orenstein and Zank both comment that, although Ravel's post-war output was small, averaging only one composition a year, it included some of his finest works. He had worked on it intermittently for some years, planning a concert piece, "a sort of apotheosis of the Viennese waltz, mingled with, in my mind, the impression of a fantastic, fatal whirling".
It's the portrait of a ballet. In the post-war era there was a reaction against the large-scale music of composers such as Gustav Mahler and Richard Strauss.
Maurice Ravel
His ballet score Les noces is composed for voices and twenty-one instruments. Finding city life fatiguing, Ravel moved to the countryside. Looked after by a devoted housekeeper, Mme Revelot, he lived there for the rest of his life. Arbie Orenstein []. After two months of planning, Ravel made a four-month tour of North America in , playing and conducting.
Ravel was touched by this spontaneous gesture and observed, "You know, this doesn't happen to me in Paris. He commented that the critics' recent enthusiasm was of no more importance than their earlier judgment, when they called him "the most perfect example of insensitivity and lack of emotion". There are no contrasts, and there is practically no invention except the plan and the manner of the execution. The themes are altogether impersonal. Unfortunately there's no music in it.
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At the beginning of the s Ravel was working on two piano concertos. It was commissioned by the Austrian pianist Paul Wittgenstein , who had lost his right arm during the war. Ravel was stimulated by the technical challenges of the project: "In a work of this kind, it is essential to give the impression of a texture no thinner than that of a part written for both hands. The Piano Concerto in G major was completed a year later. After the premiere in January there was high praise for the soloist, Marguerite Long, and for Ravel's score, though not for his conducting.
Igor Stravinsky []. In October Ravel suffered a blow to the head in a taxi accident. The injury was not thought serious at the time, but in a study for the British Medical Journal in the neurologist R. Henson concludes that it may have exacerbated an existing cerebral condition. The manuscript orchestral score is in Ravel's hand, but Lucien Garban and Manuel Rosenthal helped in transcription. Ravel composed no more after this. Experts have ruled out the possibility of a tumour , and have variously suggested frontotemporal dementia , Alzheimer's disease and Creutzfeldt—Jakob disease.
Henson notes that Ravel preserved most or all his auditory imagery and could still hear music in his head.
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In Ravel began to suffer pain from his condition, and was examined by Clovis Vincent , a well-known Paris neurosurgeon. Vincent advised surgical treatment. He thought a tumour unlikely, and expected to find ventricular dilatation that surgery might prevent from progressing. Ravel's brother Edouard accepted this advice; as Henson comments, the patient was in no state to express a considered view. After the operation there seemed to be an improvement in his condition, but it was short-lived, and he soon lapsed into a coma. He died on 28 December, at the age of On 30 December Ravel was interred next to his parents in a granite tomb at Levallois-Perret cemetery , in north-west Paris.
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He was an atheist and there was no religious ceremony. Marcel Marnat 's catalogue of Ravel's complete works lists eighty-five works, including many incomplete or abandoned. Ravel's music includes pieces for piano, chamber music, two piano concerti, ballet music, opera and song cycles. He wrote no symphonies or church works. Foreign influences include Mozart, Schubert , Liszt and Chopin. Ravel to Vaughan Williams [].
Ravel placed high importance on melody, telling Vaughan Williams that there is "an implied melodic outline in all vital music". Dance forms appealed to Ravel, most famously the bolero and pavane, but also the minuet , forlane , rigaudon , waltz , czardas , habanera and passacaglia. National and regional consciousness was important to him, and although a planned concerto on Basque themes never materialised, his works include allusions to Hebraic , Greek , Hungarian and gypsy themes.
Ravel completed two operas, and worked on three others. The unrealised three were Olympia , La cloche engloutie and Jeanne d'Arc. Olympia was to be based on Hoffmann 's The Sandman ; he made sketches for it in —99, but did not progress far. Nichols comments that the essential Spanish colouring gave Ravel a reason for virtuoso use of the modern orchestra, which the composer considered "perfectly designed for underlining and exaggerating comic effects".
She and Ravel had planned the story as a ballet, but at the composer's suggestion Colette turned it into an opera libretto. It is more uncompromisingly modern in its musical style than L'heure espagnole , and the jazz elements and bitonality of much of the work upset many Parisian opera-goers. Ravel was once again accused of artificiality and lack of human emotion, but Nichols finds "profoundly serious feeling at the heart of this vivid and entertaining work".
Although one-act operas are generally staged less often than full-length ones, [] Ravel's are produced regularly in France and abroad. A substantial proportion of Ravel's output was vocal.
Maurice Ravel
His early works in that sphere include cantatas written for his unsuccessful attempts at the Prix de Rome. His other vocal music from that period shows Debussy's influence, in what Kelly describes as "a static, recitative-like vocal style", prominent piano parts and rhythmic flexibility. For three songs dating from —15, he wrote his own texts.
Although Ravel wrote for mixed choirs and male solo voices, he is chiefly associated, in his songs, with the soprano and mezzo-soprano voices. During his lifetime it was above all as a master of orchestration that Ravel was famous. For all Ravel's orchestral mastery, only four of his works were conceived as concert works for symphony orchestra: Rapsodie espagnole , La valse and the two concertos. His writing for the brass ranges from softly muted to triple-forte outbursts at climactic points.
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Ravel made orchestral versions of piano works by Schumann, Chabrier, Debussy and Mussorgsky's piano suite Pictures at an Exhibition. Orchestral versions of the last by Mikhail Tushmalov , Sir Henry Wood and Leo Funtek predated Ravel's version, and many more have been made since, but Ravel's remains the best known. Most of Ravel's piano music is extremely difficult to play, and presents pianists with a balance of technical and artistic challenges.
It involves subtle musicianship, a feeling for pianistic colour and the sort of lightly worn virtuosity that masks the advanced technical challenges he makes in Alborada del gracioso Too much temperament, and the music loses its classical shape; too little, and it sounds pale.
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Apart from a one-movement sonata for violin and piano dating from , unpublished in the composer's lifetime, Ravel wrote seven chamber works. Like the Debussy, it differs from the more monumental quartets of the established French school of Franck and his followers, with more succinct melodies, fluently interchanged, in flexible tempos and varieties of instrumental colour.
It contains Basque, Baroque and far Eastern influences, and shows Ravel's growing technical skill, dealing with the difficulties of balancing the percussive piano with the sustained sound of the violin and cello, "blending the two disparate elements in a musical language that is unmistakably his own," in the words of the commentator Keith Anderson. Ravel said that the violin and piano are "essentially incompatible" instruments, and that his Sonata reveals their incompatibility.
Ravel's interpretations of some of his piano works were captured on piano roll between and , although some rolls supposedly played by him may have been made under his supervision by Robert Casadesus , a better pianist. After Ravel's death, his brother and legatee, Edouard, turned the composer's house at Montfort-l'Amaury into a museum, leaving it substantially as Ravel had known it. In his later years, Edouard Ravel declared his intention to leave the bulk of the composer's estate to the city of Paris for the endowment of a Nobel Prize in music, but evidently changed his mind.
Despite the substantial royalties paid for performing Ravel's music, the news magazine Le Point reported in that it was unclear who the beneficiaries were. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. This article is about the composer. For other uses, see Ravel disambiguation. French composer Ravel was fascinated by the dynamism of American life, its huge cities, skyscrapers, and its advanced technology, and was impressed by its jazz, Negro spirituals, and the excellence of American orchestras.